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Press Release: Release of second edition (digital) of ‘Less than Gay’ – A Citizens’ Report on the status of Homosexuality in India

    The AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (ABVA) is releasing the second edition of ‘ Less than Gay ’ – A Citizens’ Report on the status of Homo...

Thursday 28 January 2016

ABVA's response to 'No One Else'

Dear Mr. Dube,

Your brave expose of personal journey in life in your book, ‘No One Else’ has few aberrations pertaining to AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (ABVA). In chapter 12, page 192 there is a reference to the undersigned as being the force behind the ABVA. Again on page 207 in the same chapter Siddhartha Gautam has been referred to as the driving force. Other references made in your book include page 266 “… ABVA, the activist group in which my friend Siddhartha had been a driving force, …” Once again page 207 “The power of what Siddhartha had set in motion through Less Than Gay soon became potently evident.” Yet again page 190 “…by the astounding scope of what he (Siddhartha) eventually set into motion”. And so on.

The ABVA collective sees each and every member of the collective, each and every person in the ‘high-risk group’ amongst whom we work and every one who supported the collective’s movement as the driving force. Referring to one or two persons as the driving force is unfair to ABVA members, some of whom are dead and who have contributed up to two and a half decades of their life in this work and continue to do so.

In the Author’s Notes, chapter 12 you have rightly observed:
“ABVA has made the full text of Less Than Gay available freely online to the public, as befits a ‘citizens’ report’.”
ABVA wishes that you had treated the citizens’ report authored by seven people in a similar spirit rather than personalized a political document. Your recurrent references to the authors of the report in chapter 12 as ‘Siddhartha and his colleagues/co-authors’ belittles the efforts of the co-authors some of whom are long since dead. Siddhartha himself would never have approved of over-emphasis on a person or two in the work of a collective. You have yourself alluded to this on page 194 mentioning a full page of a personal letter sent by Siddhartha to you focused on the efforts of the ABVA activists’ collective. You have added that the bulk of the letter was about causes rather than personal matters. The recurrent references include:

“… his ABVA colleagues and he were actually planning to write one (report) on the situation of gay men and women.” (pages 192-193)
“Siddhartha and his colleagues had been pressing the (World) Bank …” (page 195)
“… Siddhartha and his co-authors wrote.” (page 196)
“…said Siddhartha and his colleagues.” (page 197)
“Siddhartha and his co-authors maintained…” (page 198)
“…said Siddhartha and his co-authors.” (page 198)
“…Siddhartha and his colleagues wrote,…” (page 199)
“Siddhartha and his co-authors began the report …” (page 200)
“… Siddhartha and his co-authors noted.” (page 201)
“… Siddhartha and his colleagues in ABVA group asked…” (page 204)
“… Siddhartha and his ABVA colleagues presented …” (page 205-206)
“… Siddhartha and his colleagues wrote …” (page 206)
“… Siddhartha and his ABVA colleagues in Less than Gay,…” (page 219)


Just to make the point obvious it would be considered a sacrilege if a World Bank report were to be repeatedly referred to as being authored by say Siddharth Dube and his colleagues at World Bank; and this repeated ad-infinitum in a book or public document!  

In your book while referring to organizations other than ABVA you have used an ethical, fair and objective approach. Consider your approach towards the report by the National Commission for Women (NCW) on sex work:
“The opening page (of the Commission’s report) began by saying…” (page 239)
“Indeed, the report – in essence – was a catalogue of the grievous wrongs done to sex workers…” (page 239)
“…said the report” (page 239)
“The Commission’s most scathing criticism…” (page 239)
“…the Commission noted.” (page 240)
 “The Commission also lambasted…” (page 240)
“…the Commission noted.” (page 240)
“The Commission wrote...” (page 240)
“The Commission asked…”(page 240)
“…the Commission made reams of recommendations,...” (page 240)
“…the Commission’s recommendations...” (page 241)
“…the Commission even had to urge...” (page 241)
“… to see the Commission push for the removal...” (page 241)
“…the Commission’s report that impressed and moved me.” (page 242)

Take another example from your book pertaining to the International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights developed jointly by UNAIDS and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in 1998. Recall the principle adopted in your book while referring to this document:
“This compendium had been formulated by human rights experts from academia and civil society, and representatives of organizations of people living with HIV.” (page 256)
“The guidelines general position …”(page 256)
“…the guidelines emphasized, ….” (page 256)
“…the international experts writing these guidelines ….” (page 256)

Let us take a third example from your book pertaining to a detailed five-hundred-page handbook to guide governments and legislatures published by UNAIDS and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. You have referred to it thus:

“The handbook commented …” (page 257)
“…the handbook also advised governments…(page 257)
“… it emphasized…” (page 257)

If you go through any of the published references of any citizens’ report prepared by say People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), Peoples Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR), Citizens for Democracy (CFD; or any report prepared by Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International you would find an ethical portrayal of the authors or as is more frequently seen, the organization’s name itself is given along with the report.

Even in well researched papers, books, journals, the protocol/tradition is to use the very first name from the list of co-authors and add et al while referring to the authors. In Less Than Gay the names of all seven co-authors have been given alphabetically in the report (this principle was followed in all ABVA reports). The first name is of Arun Bhandari. If you had followed this methodology viz Arun Bhandari et al it would have been acceptable. Picking one name out of the list of co-authors and hammering that name (and appending the rest) is discriminatory, unfair; it smacks of inequality; there is no equity. Such an approach adopted by you is undemocratic and anti-collectivism. This tends to disrupt a collective. Siddhartha himself would have been violently outraged by this.

Why is it that in relation to the ABVA’s Less than Gay your references could not have been made in a more sensitive, fair, ethical and objective manner? Your close friendship with Siddhartha comes through your book* viz that “Siddhartha was your beloved friend”; that “there was a palpable intensity to your friendship evident in the amount of time you spent alone with each other”; that “you constantly touched and embraced” but it would still not give you a license to refer to a citizens’ report – authored by seven persons whose names have been given in the report – as having been written by one person by name and the other co-authors being just appended repeatedly and continuously. ABVA’s position has been to give no names or all names. In fact in one of the ABVA reports ‘Endless and Sickening Therapies for AIDS’ the names of the authors have not even been mentioned precisely to preempt any such misappropriation as emerges from your book ‘No One Else’.

Your close friendship with Siddhartha creates a conflict of interest as you author ‘No One Else’; your objectivity gets comprised in writing about ABVA. It is all the members of ABVA; and not just one – who are the driving force; the astounding scope of what got eventually set in motion was courtesy all ABVA members. It is the power of all members of ABVA that had set this in motion and continue to do so till date and will continue to do so in future. It is the brave voice of all ABVA members – living or dead – that a sensitive, perceptive reader sees everywhere in Less Than Gay. The beautiful work of a collective should be preserved and not destroyed. One does not have to be linguistic expert of Noam Chomsky’s caliber to see through the game plan.

Your reference to:
“The power of what Siddhartha had set in motion through Less Than Gay soon became potently evident. In early 1994, two years after Siddhartha’s death, ABVA filed a public interest case in the Delhi High Court asking that Section 377 be declared unconstitutional…” (page 207)

“…by the astounding scope of what he (Siddhartha) eventually set into motion.” (page 190)

again is based on a misconception. ABVA’s activities till date have all been set in motion through the power of the collective and not through any one person. This is not to belittle anyone’s contribution but constant reference to one person as being the driving force belittles the political nature of work of the person being so overrated as also that of the collective’s.

And what has been the evidence adduced by you to single out one person as being the ‘lead’ author of the report? That one of the authors wrote to you about spending eighteen hours a day on the computer for two weeks! Siddhartha himself had apprised ABVA of the efforts of people who worked on the computer and help of these people was duly acknowledged in the report Less Than Gay on page 3. But, Mr. Dube, are you aware of the efforts of all the ABVA members – at least the six other co-authors who struggled for months and wrote different chapters or parts of chapters? Forget even this process for a while. Let us give you a glimpse of the process. Jagdish Bhardwaje, a professional blood donor, and now since dead who was given the computer floppy (containing the draft report) with over four hundred mistakes had to sell blood there and then, get money which was then used to get a print-out of the report to have it sub-edited by another ABVA member and co-author at central park in New Delhi’s Connaught Place! At that time Jagdish Bhardwaje was staying on a footpath and selling his blood for a living. His meals – for a decade – were provided for at Gurudwaras in the vicinity. It is base for us to have to point out these small little things to get you to appreciate how much anguish your book has brought to the collective. One of the co-authors of Less Than Gay Shalini SCN, a former nun (now since dead), struggled to get the views of Paul G (sj), then Acting Director of Indian Social Institute, New Delhi; thus she got his valuable one and a half page comment on pages 65-66 of the report. Another co-author Dr. J.P. Jain had to visit several libraries to get a copy of the original Kamasutra which has a chapter on homosexuality and was discovered to be loaned out for the last four years by the Delhi Public Library to none other than the Union Health Ministry. Less Than Gay has two pages devoted to the material from Kamasutra. The reference to Shikhandi (page 54) was culled out by Lalitha S.A., another co-author. The available material in Hindi had to be translated into English.

To recapitulate, Siddhartha Gautam was out of India when a seven-page hand written blue print of the report was drafted by an ABVA member who walked from his residence – out of sheer excitement and to save money – to discuss it with Lalitha S.A. at her office at Jangpura! This contained outline of the chapters to be included as also the part ‘Why the Report’. The protocol followed was adopted from our earlier citizens’ reports/ fact finding reports published prior to 1988. Since many of ABVA members had been working in Delhi on issues of public importance since 1980s those members had gone through the process of writing citizens’ reports. The issues included the genocide of Sikhs in 1984 in Delhi, the constant eviction of slum dwellers after demolition of their huts; the 1988 cholera epidemic in Delhi which resulted in the loss of 1500 lives; women’s issues involving dowry deaths and assaults. These activists were well versed in the parliamentary techniques as also of filing writ petitions in the courts; they were ‘old hands’ at protest actions. Siddhartha Gautam came to join such activists in 1988-89. Siddhartha must have learnt a lot from their experiences. Regarding the writing of ten odd chapters in Less Than Gay here is a glimpse. Mention has already been made about chapter one ‘Why This Report’ having been primarily drafted by one author. In the chapter on ‘Gay Life in India’ material was culled out from published gay magazines as also stories related to different ABVA members by gays/lesbians. The chapter on Definition and Myths was compiled from acknowledged references (given at the end of the chapter). The chapter on Culture, Heritage and Homosexuality was drafted by three ABVA members with additions from others. The chapter on Social Attitudes was a compilation of replies (with comments of ABVA members) in response to a questionnaire sent by ABVA to eighty odd citizens/organizations. The chapter on AIDS and Homosexuality contains basic facts about AIDS which runs through all ABVA reports starting from the very first one. The Charter of Demands was outlined by one author; additions and subtractions were done by other authors. Similar approach was followed in the remaining chapters.

You may like to go through the circumstances in which ABVA was formed at: http://aidsbhedbhavvirodhiandolan.blogspot.in/2015/02/about-aids-bhedbhav-virodhi-andolan-abva.html

As a matter of fact Siddhartha was with ABVA (after its formal formation in early 1991) for about a year only from 1991-92. Prior to that he had joined those already working in Delhi’s red-light area on issues revolving around AIDS. Even during this period he was in and out of Delhi for social/medical reasons.

Hijacking of ABVA’s work is the worst assault on the integrity, honesty and work of ABVA. Siddhartha himself would be turning in his grave over these developments. The sheer audacity, the intellectual sophistry in display in ‘No One Else’ is an attack – nay a day light robbery – on the intellectual property rights of all the authors of Less Than Gay as a number of chapters have been co-written/finalized by different authors. It is a lie, rather subterfuge to ‘see Siddhartha’s brave voice everywhere in Less Than Gay …’. It is every co-author’s, in fact ABVA’s brave voice. Finally it is the brave voice of the LGBT persons. Such an effort cannot be attributed to one single person. That would be a reductionist approach. At ABVA, the policy was to be all inclusive in all its actions including report writing.


Filing a court case was not in ABVA’s plan in 1991 or later since it was pursuing the Parliamentary petition process to get Section 377, IPC repealed. In 1994, ABVA got involved in the court case for a very specific reason as media reports indicated that prisoners in Tihar Jail were being denied condoms and were facing atrocities. The events in Tihar Jail could not have been set in motion through anyone’s efforts. ABVA members are not astrologers. ABVA joined the court proceedings because the court had already taken cognizance of a petition filed by Shri Janak Raj Jai who was advocating coercive methods against those involved in homosexual activities in jail. ABVA opposed this plea asking for striking down of Section 377, IPC and availability of condoms in Tihar Jail. ABVA’s petition effectively neutralized Janak Raj Jai’s petition; from 1994 to 2001 ABVA was able to campaign on the issue of LGBT rights using the petition.

From 1994 to 2001 we sent several letters to all known LGBT groups/organizations to file cases in different high courts of India for repeal of Section 377, IPC, so that pressure would get built on the judiciary to act. We did not receive a positive response from any source. Ironically till the year 2000 the three important books on gay/lesbian issues in India were authored by women writers – Shakuntla Devi, Giti Thadani and Ashwini Sukhthankar. Academicians in India were wary to write books on this issue till the end of twentieth  century! True, in 1994 it was the collective’s wisdom to move the Delhi High Court but not one amongst the LGBT community would agree to go public about his/her sexuality and join the petition as a victim in ABVA’s case. The lawyer petitioner – again a woman, Shobha Aggarwal – in ABVA’s case in the Delhi High Court undertook a research into PIL judgements of the last two decades of the twentieth century; and brought out a report entitled “The Public Interest Litigation Hoax – Truth Before the Nation”. It concluded that PILs failed to provide justice to those who need it most. Two of ABVA members are associated with PIL Watch Group formed in 2004. It was realized that it is imperative that a victim himself/herself approach the court. After all, the fundamental rights under the Constitution of India are guaranteed to the citizens of India. Hence a victim – any LGBT person – will have to take a courageous stand, go public and file a petition in his or her name.

To update it may be mentioned that after the 2013 Koushal judgement by the Supreme Court of India, ABVA has again been pursuing the parliamentary route to get Section 377, IPC repealed. See our blog at http://aidsbhedbhavvirodhiandolan.blogspot.in/



You may kindly take all necessary steps to undo the harm done through your book to the credibility of the work done by the ABVA collective and its members both living and dead.

Yours sincerely,
Dr. P.S. Sahni




* The pact among all ABVA members was not to make each others sexuality public during and after his/her life time. ABVA’s position remains unchanged. Hopefully references made in your book about Siddhartha and you – no doubt your conscious decision – were made keeping in mind the sensibilities and sensitivities of his parents and others close to him.